ABSTRACT: There are two kinds of polymers: organic polymers known since 1920, like epoxy, acrylate, melanine; and inorganic polymers called mineral polymer (MIP). Another inorganic polymer, named silicone, glass etc called inorganic polymers (IP). The first is monitored by magnetic bonding, the second by ionic bonding, both of non – organic polymers. They offer new materials for the modern industrial use.
1- The schools of America – Inorganic Polymer (IP).
1.1 Definition: Inorganic polymer (IP) and mineral polymer (MIP) are two different types. IP is long – winding polymer which is 10.000 times as many as crystal molecular and primary structure made of Silicon, MIP is a crystallized molecules linked together the molecules could silicate or other metal salts. They are dominated the natural inorganic materials, organic polymer different primary structure C (carbon).
1.2 For exmaple
1.2.1 Glass: Quartz mineral formula SiO2, silicon element was between two oxygen O. Glass has tight linkage, so mineral is little damaged destroyed (25 – year period to cancel 1 ppm quartz). In the block, it can be called name quartz, in the fines, it can be called name sand. Quartz crystal or sand have simple crystal network (figure 1), natural light penetrates through. Polarized light have for the color, depend on thickness penetration.
Figure 1: Network of quartz crystals.
When quartz is cooked at high temperature, it is melted and then cooled quickly. Natural light is penetrated the glass, but polarized light is blocked. Explained, maybe glass has lattice crumpled so polarized light is not passed (figure 2).
Figure 2: the crystal network of SiO2
In order to puckering is easy added to the amount of Na2CO3 in SiO2. (Figure 3)
Figure 3: the structured formula Na2CO3
Figure 4: the crystal lattice of quartz is crumpled after adding Na2CO3
Glass is an inorganic polymer which formula is a very long molecule (over 10.000 times as many as normal element SiO2.
Figure 5: Diagram of the SiO2 polymer in glass
1-2.2 Silicone. This substance has used very normal, structure of silicone has circuit which made of silicon with oxygen O2 (Figure 6), there are two sides are additive. Main circuit is made Si which is organic appointment of silicone: an inorganic polymer. But inorganic polymer the SiO2 lattice is the same way with each other, creating a quality silicone is very flexible. It is a material with high elasticity, a second rubber, application of silicone used in many fields.
Figure 6: the simple formula of a silicone.
1-2.3 Polysilane: Polysilane is a inorganic which main circuit is made of silicon but no oxygen, but it contains simple organic base such as CH3 and phenyl units within the original complex
They were dissolved in water or not, it is common to form a copolymer adhesive (figure 7)
1-2.4 Polygermane and polystannane: With new techniques, which we used in order to synthesize the polymer that does not need to Si on the main circuit, which is based on the main circuit of the metal. Initially, the metal such as germanium and tin have been used and positive results (figure 8-9)
Figure 8 – 9: popular polydimethylgermance and polydimethylstannane
Polygermane and polystannane have conduct electricity characters is not as well as copper, but ability of them is very large, so being search (instead of aluminium is too soft). We have special property in persistent.
However, the use of polygermane and polystannane is more successful in the above.
1-2.5 Polyphophazene: The product of Polyphophazene have main circuit which is non – metallic vessels such as Si, but structure of non – metallic is more complex. For example, phosphorus (P) with nitrogen (N) are shown in Figure 10, where P connect with the organic base R through O.
Figure 10: The position of P and N in the main artery of inorganic polymer.
Chemotherapy of P is 5 and N is 3, chemotherapy is the junction of the polymer which difficult to destroy because both are in the main circuit just after another. But the general nature of the circuit is very flexible, elastic. In addition, it is resistant to electricity.
Figure 11: How to create polyphosphazene polymer
Polymer is made by two steps (Figure 11): the first step is mixed PCl5 with NH4Cl; the second step is mixed N, P with Na, forming a long – chain – polymer.
Figure 14: We classify the inorganic polymer and mineral, both of which are inorganic polymer.
2- The schools of Belgium – Mineral Polymer
2-1 Direct polymer: Professor Plattfort University of Brussels (Belgium) found out a new technology. Late 20th century, people discovered kaolin clay which is negatively charged (Figure 12A), a length of 10 nanometers, including two foil sheets of silicon and aluminum foil. He used Na2CO3 mixed with kaolin and turn it into a first sound (Si) and a first positive (Al). From that basic minerals into a magnet nano is presented in Figure 12B.
Figure 12A: kaolinite crystal
Figure 12B: Structure of Kaolinite soil is changed and became nano magnet.
The characteristic of nano magnetic is attraction and kaolinization to soil is become rock. Plattfort called MIP, means inorganic polymer, but accurate name is mineral polymer. This is direct MIP which has only mineral polymer.
2-2 Indirect polymer: Trần Kim Thạch professor of the University of Natural, who discovered polymer which has different crystal and connection. So is professor Plattfort, polymer used available from enabled from negative material (-) connected with negative material (+) by force which connected at the nanoscale (extremely strong) according to the basic formula.
P=f(M+m)tnp
Where P is the polymerization, M is the negative material, m is the positive material, t is also mixed, n is compressed, p is dry.
For example: with kaolinite soil mixed calcarea according to the formula above, he made hard polymer, it is called clay concrete. This is construction material used rural, because cost is cheap. Formula is displayed (figure 13) and called indirect mineral polymer.
Kaolinite (-) + calcarea(+) → clay concrete
Figure 13: indirect mineral polymer
Product is mixed by two materials kaolinte and calcarea, which become hard enough to petrified (pretrification), so characteristic of MIP is indirectly.
3- Adherence force
3-1 American type: Valence connection: According to US scientists, cohesive force is valence of the element and the elements are connected together by affinities. For example, Si is cohered O in the structure of quartz or glass. The affinity of the two structures are very strong. Si has 2 valency and O has 2 valency, concentrated into a three dimensional network is difficult to destroy.
The connections are arranged around the valence structure, they have the same effect. So there is no accurate concept of the connector on chemotherapy. Therefore we need to select the connection to create affinity chemotherapy.
Early 20th century, classical chemistry haven’t known inorganic polymer, so organic chemistry researched about polymer. Late 90s, the chemical revolution has changed the perception: inorganic polymer exists and we have the ability to change, creating composite inorganic, to serve society. Some of natural silicate rock and pyroxenit are inorganic polymer. Thereby glass and pearls are created, which are special inorganic polymer.
3-2 Belgium type: Magnetic force: Belgian and European schools used to the magnetic force. For example, the petrified of kaolin is caused from the momentum. Magnetic force is the strongest and most specific in the earth. A variety of materials have negatively and other materials have positive. When materials are mixed together, which can bind form basic minerals, which are made rocks.
Kaolin minerals have negative magnetic force, which combining with calcarea Ca(OH)2, they are bound together. Because calcarea has positive magnetic. Material are made form nano, we need strong compression after mixing and then bring sun. Natural is made sedimentary rock by elements such as mixing, compression, drying, but rock takes a long geological time, creating an environment adhesive material. Fossilization sedimentary is made by loose material, among them compression process is the ways to creating a strong affinity between basic minerals (other basic element) according to the force of negative and positive. Which research many new materials, applications to society.
4- Conclude
After research process in natural or artificial, we knew that there are 2 groups polymer, organic and non – organic. Non organic was divided into 2 sub – groups, inorganic is called sub – group inorganic, and mineral is called sub – group mineral. Word “mineral” means inorganic.
Main circuit of group inorganic has element Si (while organic has element C). However, scientists have successfully replaced by elements Si by metal and non – metal elements.
Group minerals capable bonding mineral crystals basic together, or each group of crystals with the basic elements together. Adhesion force is the force. Directly adhesive force make crystals kaolin (called kaolin) which is viral particles magnetic petrified. Indirectly adhesive force is more complex, with simple crystals and appropriately elements which have negative forces and positive.
Research process is a long process. Polymer process created new material which are made useful to society, organic or non organic.
May refer to the article of Polymer Science Learning Center, University of Southern Mississippi (United States).
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